Axis Spatial

GeoNatureAgent benchmark leaderboard

Environmental raster analysis over named regions, from GeoNatureAgent. A standalone evaluation: its scores are shown here and on model pages, but it is not counted in any index or ranking until more models have run it.

Score

GeoNatureAgent score

Share of tasks passed, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GeoNatureAgent scoreScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100; Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 100; Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude Code: 100; Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude Code: 100; Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude Code: 100; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code: 93; Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: No data; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2: No data; gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2: No data; gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2: No data; gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2: No data; Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2: No data; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: No data; Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude Code: No data; GLM-5.2 (max), Claude Code: No data; GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude Code: No data; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: No data; DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Codex: No data; DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Codex: No data; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: No data; gpt-oss-120b (high), Codex: No data; gpt-oss-20b (high), Codex: No data; Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi Code: No data; Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi Code: No data; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: No data; GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-6.1 Sol (high), Codex: No data; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Sol (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Sol (high), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Sol (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Sol (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Terra (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (low), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (low), Codex: No data0255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Claude Code100Claude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Code100Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Claude Code100Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Claude Code100Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Claude Code100Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Claude Code100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code100Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code100Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code100Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code100Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Claude Code100Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Claude Code100Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Claude Code100Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Claude Code93
How to read this chart

What this metric means. The share of tasks the entry passed, 0 to 100.

Data table: GeoNatureAgent score
GeoNatureAgent score
ModelDeveloperGeoNatureAgent score
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic93
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2AnthropicNo data
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAINo data
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAINo data
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAINo data
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AINo data
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AINo data
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AINo data
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2MetaNo data
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2OtherNo data
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AINo data
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIANo data
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIANo data
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIANo data
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)No data
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), CodexDeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOtherNo data
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAINo data
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAINo data
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AINo data
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AINo data
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)No data
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAINo data

GeoNatureAgent: score vs. cost per task

GeoNatureAgent score against average cost per task (USD) · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
GeoNatureAgent: score vs. cost per taskGeoNatureAgent score (0 to 100) against cost per task in US dollars, log scale: Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code: 92.86, $0.095; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, $0.11; Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, $0.12; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, $0.041; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, $0.050; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, $0.0050; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, $0.0061; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, $0.18; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, $0.071; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, $0.0096; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 100, $0.25; Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude Code: 100, $0.19; Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude Code: 100, $0.21; Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude Code: 100, $0.29Most attractive quadrant9293949596979899100$0.002$0.005$0.01$0.02$0.05$0.10$0.20$0.50Cost per task (USD, log scale)GeoNatureAgent scoreClaude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code
How to read this chart

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average cost per task (log scale); higher means a higher GeoNatureAgent score. Both axes fit the points shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot, split at the middle of each axis: a reading aid, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the points that no cheaper one beats on score. Only exact costs are plotted; the table lists every entry.

Data table: GeoNatureAgent: score vs. cost per task

Token usage

GeoNatureAgent: tokens per task

Average tokens per task by type · Lower is better

  • Uncached input
  • Cached input
  • Output (reasoning included)
GeoNatureAgent: tokens per taskClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 64k; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 83k; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 87k; Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 92k; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 101k; Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude Code: 109k; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 123k; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 135k; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 181k; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 206k; Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude Code: 226k; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 270k; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code: 326k; Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude Code: 422k0150k300k450k600kClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Claude Code64kClaude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Claude Code83kClaude Opus 5.5 (medium)Claude Code87kClaude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Code92kClaude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code101kClaude Opus 4.8 (high)Claude Code109kClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code123kClaude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code135kClaude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Claude Code181kClaude Haiku 5.5 (high)Claude Code206kClaude Opus 4.7 (high)Claude Code226kClaude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code270kClaude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Claude Code326kClaude Sonnet 5 (high)Claude Code422k
How to read this chart

What the parts mean. Uncached input: input tokens read at the full price. Cached input: input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price. Output: the tokens the model wrote, its reasoning included, as reported by the provider.

Compare with care. Models use different tokenisers, so the same text is a different number of tokens for different models. Use token counts to see how much work each model did, and cost to compare spending.

Data table: GeoNatureAgent: tokens per task
GeoNatureAgent: tokens per task
ModelDeveloperUncached inputCached inputOutput (reasoning included)Total
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic5k58k1k64k
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic7k74k2k83k
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic6k79k2k87k
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic8k82k2k92k
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic10k89k2k101k
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic8k97k3k109k
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic12k108k3k123k
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic10k121k4k135k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic8k169k3k181k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic11k190k4k206k
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic12k211k3k226k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic16k247k8k270k
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic14k304k7k326k
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic15k402k5k422k

Cost

GeoNatureAgent: cost per task

Average cost per task (USD) by token type · Lower is better

  • Uncached input
  • Cached input
  • Output
  • Not split by token type
GeoNatureAgent: cost per taskValues in US dollars: Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: $0.0050; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude Code: $0.0061; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: $0.0096; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: $0.041; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude Code: $0.050; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: $0.071; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code: $0.095; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: $0.11; Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: $0.12; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: $0.18; Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude Code: $0.19; Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude Code: $0.21; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: $0.25; Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude Code: $0.29$0$0.10$0.20$0.30$0.40Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Claude Code$0.0050Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Claude Code$0.0061Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code$0.0096Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Claude Code$0.041Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Claude Code$0.050Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code$0.071Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Claude Code$0.095Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Claude Code$0.11Claude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Code$0.12Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code$0.18Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Claude Code$0.19Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Claude Code$0.21Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code$0.25Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Claude Code$0.29
How to read this chart

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How the cost is split. Each part is the entry's average tokens of that type times its list price. The rest, mostly tokens written to the cache, is shown as not split by token type.

Data table: GeoNatureAgent: cost per task
GeoNatureAgent: cost per task
ModelDeveloperUncached inputCached inputOutputNot split by token typeTotal
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.00084$0.0017$0.0016$0.00084$0.0050
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.0011$0.0019$0.0020$0.0011$0.0061
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.0016$0.0025$0.0040$0.0016$0.0096
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.010$0.0058$0.015$0.010$0.041
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.014$0.0074$0.016$0.014$0.050
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.019$0.0089$0.024$0.019$0.071
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.014$0.030$0.036$0.014$0.095
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.026$0.016$0.038$0.026$0.11
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.032$0.016$0.041$0.032$0.12
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.049$0.022$0.065$0.049$0.18
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.029$0.080$0.053$0.029$0.19
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.042$0.049$0.075$0.042$0.21
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.049$0.061$0.090$0.049$0.25
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.061$0.11$0.063$0.061$0.29

Speed

GeoNatureAgent: time per task

Time per task (at 100 output tokens/s), minutes · Lower is better

GeoNatureAgent: time per taskGeoNatureAgent: time per task: Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 0.5 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 0.5 min; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 0.6 min; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 0.6 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 0.6 min; Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude Code: 0.7 min; Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude Code: 0.8 min; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 0.9 min; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 0.9 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 0.9 min; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 1.0 min; Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude Code: 1.2 min; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 1.6 min; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code: 2.3 min; Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: No data; DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: No data; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: No data; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2: No data; gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2: No data; gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2: No data; gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2: No data; Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2: No data; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: No data; Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: No data; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2: No data; GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude Code: No data; GLM-5.2 (max), Claude Code: No data; GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude Code: No data; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: No data; DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Codex: No data; DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Codex: No data; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: No data; gpt-oss-120b (high), Codex: No data; gpt-oss-20b (high), Codex: No data; Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi Code: No data; Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi Code: No data; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: No data; GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-6.1 Sol (high), Codex: No data; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Sol (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Sol (high), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Sol (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Sol (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Terra (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (high), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), Codex: No data; GPT-6 Luna (low), Codex: No data; GPT-5.6 Luna (low), Codex: No data0 min1 min2 min3 min4 minClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Claude Code0.5 minClaude Opus 5.5 (medium)Claude Code0.5 minClaude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code0.6 minClaude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Claude Code0.6 minClaude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Code0.6 minClaude Opus 4.7 (high)Claude Code0.7 minClaude Opus 4.8 (high)Claude Code0.8 minClaude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Claude Code0.9 minClaude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code0.9 minClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code0.9 minClaude Haiku 5.5 (high)Claude Code1.0 minClaude Sonnet 5 (high)Claude Code1.2 minClaude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code1.6 minClaude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Claude Code2.3 min
How to read this chart

Time per task. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

Data table: GeoNatureAgent: time per task
GeoNatureAgent: time per task
ModelDeveloperTime per task (min)
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic0.5 min
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic0.5 min
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic0.6 min
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.6 min
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.6 min
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.7 min
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.8 min
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic0.9 min
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.9 min
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic0.9 min
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic1.0 min
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic1.2 min
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic1.6 min
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic2.3 min
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2AnthropicNo data
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeekNo data
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2GoogleNo data
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.aiNo data
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAINo data
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAINo data
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAINo data
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AINo data
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AINo data
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AINo data
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2MetaNo data
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2OtherNo data
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AINo data
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIANo data
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIANo data
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIANo data
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)No data
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.aiNo data
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), CodexDeepSeekNo data
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOtherNo data
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAINo data
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAINo data
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AINo data
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AINo data
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)No data
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAINo data
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAINo data

GeoNatureAgent: score vs. time per task

GeoNatureAgent score against time per task (at 100 output tokens/s), minutes · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
GeoNatureAgent: score vs. time per taskGeoNatureAgent score (0 to 100) against time per task (minutes), log scale: Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code: 92.86, 2.3 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, 0.5 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 0.6 min; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, 0.5 min; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 0.6 min; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, 0.9 min; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 1.0 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, 0.9 min; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, 0.6 min; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, 1.6 min; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 0.9 min; Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 1.2 min; Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude Code: 100, 0.8 min; Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude Code: 100, 0.7 minMost attractive quadrant92939495969798991000.2 min0.5 min1 min2 min5 minTime per task (minutes, log scale)GeoNatureAgent scoreClaude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code
How to read this chart

Time per task. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average time per task (log scale); higher means a higher GeoNatureAgent score. Both axes fit the points shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot: a reading aid, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the points that no faster one beats on score.

Data table: GeoNatureAgent: score vs. time per task

Score vs. release date

GeoNatureAgent: score vs. release date

GeoNatureAgent score against the model's public release date

GeoNatureAgent: score vs. release dateGeoNatureAgent score (0 to 100) against release date: Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code: 92.86, 15 October 2025; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, 22 September 2026; Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 22 September 2026; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, 28 September 2026; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 28 September 2026; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude Code: 100, 7 October 2026; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 7 October 2026; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, 22 September 2026; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, 28 September 2026; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100, 7 October 2026; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 24 July 2026; Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude Code: 100, 30 June 2026; Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude Code: 100, 28 May 2026; Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude Code: 100, 16 April 20269293949596979899100Oct 2025Jan 2026Apr 2026Jul 2026Oct 2026Jan 2027Release dateGeoNatureAgent scoreClaude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeClaude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeClaude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeClaude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude Code
How to read this chart

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry: across, the date its model was first released; up, its GeoNatureAgent score. Models with no published release date are not plotted.

Data table: GeoNatureAgent: score vs. release date

Background

GeoNatureAgent asks for figures from environmental rasters over Spanish provinces and regions: here, the share of land suitable for CO₂ storage, by province, with follow-up questions that compare, rank or break the figures down.

Licence: tasks and data CC BY 4.0 (Zenodo record 22287704); code Apache-2.0.

Published by Diaz-Ireland, Prieto-Herraez, Garcia Peces, Velazquez and Jain.

Related links

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