GeoChrono benchmark leaderboard

What this metric means. The share of questions the model answered correctly from the images alone, with no tools.

Rows. Default: each developer's best model, then open-weights models until 4 are in, then the best of the rest, up to 12. Tables keep every entry.

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average cost per question (log scale); higher means a higher GeoChrono score. Both axes fit the points shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot, split at the middle of each axis: a reading aid, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the points that no cheaper one beats on score. Only exact costs are plotted; the table lists every entry.

What the parts mean. Uncached input: input tokens read at the full price. Cached input: input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price. Output: the tokens the model wrote, its reasoning included, as reported by the provider.

Compare with care. Models use different tokenisers, so the same text is a different number of tokens for different models. Use token counts to see how much work each model did, and cost to compare spending.

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How the cost is split. Each part is the entry's average tokens of that type times its list price. The rest, mostly tokens written to the cache, is shown as not split by token type.

Time per question. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

Time per question. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average time per question (log scale); higher means a higher GeoChrono score. Both axes fit the points shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot: a reading aid, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the points that no faster one beats on score.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry: across, the date its model was first released; up, its GeoChrono score. Models with no published release date are not plotted.