Axis Spatial

BigEarthNet.txt benchmark leaderboard

Questions on Sentinel-2 optical and Sentinel-1 radar patches, answered from the images alone, with no tools. A standalone evaluation: its scores are shown here and on model pages, but it is not counted in any index or ranking until more models have run it.

Score

BigEarthNet.txt score

Share of questions answered correctly, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

BigEarthNet.txt scoreScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (high): 60; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 58; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium): 58; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): 57; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium): 56; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): 56; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high): 54; Claude Opus 5 (high): 53; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh): 52; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium): 50; Claude Opus 4.7 (high): 49; Claude Opus 4.8 (high): 48; Claude Sonnet 5 (high): 47; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning): 450255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (high)60Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)58Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)58Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)57Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)56Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)56Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)54Claude Opus 5 (high)53Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)52Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)50Claude Opus 4.7 (high)49Claude Opus 4.8 (high)48Claude Sonnet 5 (high)47Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)45
How to read this chart

What this metric means. The share of questions the model answered correctly from the images alone, with no tools.

Rows. Default: each developer's best model, then open-weights models until 4 are in, then the best of the rest, up to 12. Tables keep every entry.

Data table: BigEarthNet.txt score
BigEarthNet.txt score
ModelBigEarthNet.txt score
Claude Opus 5.5 (high)60
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)58
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)58
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)57
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)56
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)56
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)54
Claude Opus 5 (high)53
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)52
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)50
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)49
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)48
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)47
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)45

BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. cost per question

BigEarthNet.txt score against average cost per question (USD) · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. cost per questionBigEarthNet.txt score (0 to 100) against cost per question in US dollars, log scale: Claude Opus 5.5 (high): 59.58, $0.017; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 58.33, $0.022; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium): 57.5, $0.016; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): 57.08, $0.0074; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium): 55.83, $0.0054; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): 55.83, $0.011; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high): 53.75, $0.00064; Claude Opus 5 (high): 53.33, $0.024; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh): 52.5, $0.00082; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium): 50.42, $0.00057; Claude Opus 4.7 (high): 48.75, $0.015; Claude Opus 4.8 (high): 48.33, $0.012; Claude Sonnet 5 (high): 46.67, $0.0081; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning): 44.58, $0.0097Most attractive quadrant4244464850525456586062$0.0005$0.001$0.002$0.005$0.01$0.02$0.05Cost per question (USD, log scale)BigEarthNet.txt scoreClaude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)
How to read this chart

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average cost per question (log scale); higher means a higher BigEarthNet.txt score. Both axes fit the points shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot, split at the middle of each axis: a reading aid, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the points that no cheaper one beats on score. Only exact costs are plotted; the table lists every entry.

Data table: BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. cost per question
BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. cost per question
ModelBigEarthNet.txt scoreCost per question (USD)On the Pareto line
Claude Opus 5.5 (high)60$0.017Yes
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)58$0.022No
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)58$0.016Yes
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)57$0.0074Yes
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)56$0.0054Yes
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)56$0.011No
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)54$0.00064Yes
Claude Opus 5 (high)53$0.024No
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)52$0.00082No
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)50$0.00057Yes
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)49$0.015No
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)48$0.012No
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)47$0.0081No
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)45$0.0097No

Token usage

BigEarthNet.txt: tokens per question

Average tokens per question by type · Lower is better

  • Uncached input
  • Cached input
  • Output (reasoning included)
BigEarthNet.txt: tokens per questionClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium): 1k; Claude Opus 4.8 (high): 1k; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): 1k; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium): 1k; Claude Opus 5.5 (high): 1k; Claude Opus 5 (high): 2k; Claude Sonnet 5 (high): 2k; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): 2k; Claude Opus 4.7 (high): 2k; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 2k; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium): 2k; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high): 2k; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh): 2k; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning): 3k01k2k3k4kClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)1kClaude Opus 4.8 (high)1kClaude Sonnet 5.5 (high)1kClaude Opus 5.5 (medium)1kClaude Opus 5.5 (high)1kClaude Opus 5 (high)2kClaude Sonnet 5 (high)2kClaude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)2kClaude Opus 4.7 (high)2kClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)2kClaude Haiku 5.5 (medium)2kClaude Haiku 5.5 (high)2kClaude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)2kClaude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)3k
How to read this chart

What the parts mean. Uncached input: input tokens read at the full price. Cached input: input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price. Output: the tokens the model wrote, its reasoning included, as reported by the provider.

Compare with care. Models use different tokenisers, so the same text is a different number of tokens for different models. Use token counts to see how much work each model did, and cost to compare spending.

Data table: BigEarthNet.txt: tokens per question
BigEarthNet.txt: tokens per question
ModelDeveloperUncached inputCached inputOutput (reasoning included)Total
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Anthropic6941962661k
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Anthropic88503161k
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Anthropic890No data3871k
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Anthropic846404621k
Claude Opus 5.5 (high)Anthropic886No data5141k
Claude Opus 5 (high)Anthropic881No data6272k
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Anthropic1kNo data2992k
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic890No data7222k
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Anthropic1kNo data3482k
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic886No data7392k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Anthropic1kNo data6752k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Anthropic1k128252k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic1kNo data1k2k
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Anthropic841No data2k3k

Cost

BigEarthNet.txt: cost per question

Average cost per question (USD) by token type · Lower is better

  • Uncached input
  • Cached input
  • Output
  • Not split by token type
BigEarthNet.txt: cost per questionValues in US dollars: Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium): $0.00057; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high): $0.00064; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh): $0.00082; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium): $0.0054; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): $0.0074; Claude Sonnet 5 (high): $0.0081; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning): $0.0097; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): $0.011; Claude Opus 4.8 (high): $0.012; Claude Opus 4.7 (high): $0.015; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium): $0.016; Claude Opus 5.5 (high): $0.017; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): $0.022; Claude Opus 5 (high): $0.024$0$0.01$0.02$0.03$0.04Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)$0.00057Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)$0.00064Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)$0.00082Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)$0.0054Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)$0.0074Claude Sonnet 5 (high)$0.0081Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)$0.0097Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)$0.011Claude Opus 4.8 (high)$0.012Claude Opus 4.7 (high)$0.015Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)$0.016Claude Opus 5.5 (high)$0.017Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)$0.022Claude Opus 5 (high)$0.024
How to read this chart

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How the cost is split. Each part is the entry's average tokens of that type times its list price. The rest, mostly tokens written to the cache, is shown as not split by token type.

Data table: BigEarthNet.txt: cost per question
BigEarthNet.txt: cost per question
ModelDeveloperUncached inputCached inputOutputNot split by token typeTotal
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Anthropic$0.00012$0.00$0.00034$0.00012$0.00057
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Anthropic$0.00012$0.00000012$0.00041$0.00011$0.00064
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic$0.00012$0.00$0.00059$0.00012$0.00082
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Anthropic$0.0014$0.000020$0.0027$0.0014$0.0054
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Anthropic$0.0018$0.00$0.0039$0.0018$0.0074
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Anthropic$0.0025$0.00$0.0030$0.0025$0.0081
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Anthropic$0.00084$0.00$0.0089$0.00$0.0097
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic$0.0018$0.00$0.0072$0.0018$0.011
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Anthropic$0.0044$0.00$0.0079$0.00$0.012
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Anthropic$0.0063$0.00$0.0087$0.00000050$0.015
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Anthropic$0.0034$0.0000079$0.0092$0.0034$0.016
Claude Opus 5.5 (high)Anthropic$0.0035$0.00$0.010$0.0035$0.017
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic$0.0035$0.00$0.015$0.0035$0.022
Claude Opus 5 (high)Anthropic$0.0044$0.00$0.016$0.0044$0.024

Speed

BigEarthNet.txt: time per question

Time per question (at 100 output tokens/s), seconds · Lower is better

BigEarthNet.txt: time per questionBigEarthNet.txt: time per question: Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium): 4s; Claude Sonnet 5 (high): 4s; Claude Opus 4.8 (high): 4s; Claude Opus 4.7 (high): 4s; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): 5s; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium): 6s; Claude Opus 5.5 (high): 6s; Claude Opus 5 (high): 7s; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium): 8s; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): 8s; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 8s; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high): 9s; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh): 13s; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning): 19s0s5s10s15s20sClaude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)4sClaude Sonnet 5 (high)4sClaude Opus 4.8 (high)4sClaude Opus 4.7 (high)4sClaude Sonnet 5.5 (high)5sClaude Opus 5.5 (medium)6sClaude Opus 5.5 (high)6sClaude Opus 5 (high)7sClaude Haiku 5.5 (medium)8sClaude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)8sClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)8sClaude Haiku 5.5 (high)9sClaude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)13sClaude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)19s
How to read this chart

Time per question. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

Data table: BigEarthNet.txt: time per question
BigEarthNet.txt: time per question
ModelDeveloperTime per question (s)
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Anthropic4s
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Anthropic4s
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Anthropic4s
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Anthropic4s
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Anthropic5s
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Anthropic6s
Claude Opus 5.5 (high)Anthropic6s
Claude Opus 5 (high)Anthropic7s
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Anthropic8s
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic8s
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic8s
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Anthropic9s
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic13s
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Anthropic19s

BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. time per question

BigEarthNet.txt score against time per question (at 100 output tokens/s), seconds · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. time per questionBigEarthNet.txt score (0 to 100) against time per question (seconds), log scale: Claude Opus 5.5 (high): 59.58, 6s; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 58.33, 8s; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium): 57.5, 6s; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): 57.08, 5s; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium): 55.83, 4s; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): 55.83, 8s; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high): 53.75, 9s; Claude Opus 5 (high): 53.33, 7s; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh): 52.5, 13s; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium): 50.42, 8s; Claude Opus 4.7 (high): 48.75, 4s; Claude Opus 4.8 (high): 48.33, 4s; Claude Sonnet 5 (high): 46.67, 4s; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning): 44.58, 19sMost attractive quadrant42444648505254565860622s5s10s20s50sTime per question (seconds, log scale)BigEarthNet.txt scoreClaude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)
How to read this chart

Time per question. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average time per question (log scale); higher means a higher BigEarthNet.txt score. Both axes fit the points shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot: a reading aid, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the points that no faster one beats on score.

Data table: BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. time per question
BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. time per question
ModelBigEarthNet.txt scoreTime per question (seconds)On the Pareto line
Claude Opus 5.5 (high)606sYes
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)588sNo
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)586sYes
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)575sYes
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)564sYes
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)568sNo
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)549sNo
Claude Opus 5 (high)537sNo
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)5213sNo
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)508sNo
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)494sNo
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)484sNo
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)474sNo
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)4519sNo

Score vs. release date

BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. release date

BigEarthNet.txt score against the model's public release date

BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. release dateBigEarthNet.txt score (0 to 100) against release date: Claude Opus 5.5 (high): 59.58, 22 September 2026; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 58.33, 22 September 2026; Claude Opus 5.5 (medium): 57.5, 22 September 2026; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): 57.08, 28 September 2026; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium): 55.83, 28 September 2026; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): 55.83, 28 September 2026; Claude Haiku 5.5 (high): 53.75, 7 October 2026; Claude Opus 5 (high): 53.33, 24 July 2026; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh): 52.5, 7 October 2026; Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium): 50.42, 7 October 2026; Claude Opus 4.7 (high): 48.75, 16 April 2026; Claude Opus 4.8 (high): 48.33, 28 May 2026; Claude Sonnet 5 (high): 46.67, 30 June 2026; Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning): 44.58, 15 October 20254244464850525456586062Oct 2025Jan 2026Apr 2026Jul 2026Oct 2026Jan 2027Release dateBigEarthNet.txt scoreClaude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)
How to read this chart

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry: across, the date its model was first released; up, its BigEarthNet.txt score. Models with no published release date are not plotted.

Data table: BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. release date
BigEarthNet.txt: score vs. release date
ModelBigEarthNet.txt scoreRelease date
Claude Opus 5.5 (high)6022 September 2026
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)5822 September 2026
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium)5822 September 2026
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)5728 September 2026
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium)5628 September 2026
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)5628 September 2026
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high)547 October 2026
Claude Opus 5 (high)5324 July 2026
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)527 October 2026
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium)507 October 2026
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)4916 April 2026
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)4828 May 2026
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)4730 June 2026
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)4515 October 2025

Background

BigEarthNet.txt asks about 1.2 km image patches over Europe: which land cover is present, how much, how many patches of it, what is next to what, and the country, season and climate zone.

Licence: CDLA-Permissive-1.0 (questions and BigEarthNet v2.0 images); contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2017–2018.

Published by Herzog et al. (BIFOLD and TU Berlin).

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