Axis Spatial

NVIDIA

Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)

In Terminus-2 · Released 4 June 2026 · Open weights

Overview

Nemotron 3 Ultra (high) ranks 36th of 55 models on the Geospatial Intelligence Index (Text only), at 73.7, 4.7 points below the median model. In Terminus-2 it ranks 43rd of 70 entries on the Geospatial Agent Index, at 67.7. It costs $0.069 per task, less than the median entry ($0.085) and takes 2.4 min per task, slower than the median entry (2.0 min).

Compare head to head: Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code · GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), Codex · Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2 · Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi Code · DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2 · GPT-5.6 Terra (high), Codex · all comparisons.

Technical specification

Developer
NVIDIA
Released
4 June 2026
Weights
Open
Parameters
550B total, 55B active
Model card
huggingface.co
Harness
Terminus-2 2.0.0
Reasoning setting
high
Context window
262,144 tokens
Maximum output tokens
65,536
Image input
No
Temperature
0.6
Input price per 1M tokens
$0.50
Cached input price per 1M tokens
$0.10
Output price per 1M tokens
$2.20
Map and trace judge
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Reward hacking
2.8% of reviewed passing attempts flaggedSafety page

How models are selected.

Intelligence

Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text only

Weighted average of agent tasks, guided workflows and geospatial knowledge, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text onlyScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 89; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh): 86; GPT-6 Sol (high): 85; Claude Opus 5 (high): 84; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 79; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low): 79; Kimi K3 (Reasoning): 79; GLM-5.2 (max): 78; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh): 75; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high): 74; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning): 44; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning): 200255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)89GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)86GPT-6 Sol (high)85Claude Opus 5 (high)84DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)79Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)79Kimi K3 (Reasoning)79GLM-5.2 (max)78Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)75Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)74Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)44Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)20
How to read this chart

What this metric means. A weighted average of group scores, each 0 to 100: Agent tasks 4/6, Guided workflows 1/6, Geospatial knowledge 1/6.

Data table: Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text only
Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text only
ModelDeveloperGeospatial Intelligence Index: Text only
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic88.7
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)OpenAI86.2
GPT-6 Sol (high)OpenAI84.9
Claude Opus 5 (high)Anthropic84.5
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic84.4
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Anthropic82.5
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic82.0
GPT-5.6 Sol (high)OpenAI81.3
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Anthropic80.9
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Anthropic80.8
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh)OpenAI80.0
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh)OpenAI80.0
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max) Open weightsDeepSeek79.0
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Google78.7
Kimi K3 (Reasoning) Open weightsMoonshot AI78.6
GLM-5.2 (max) Open weightsZ.ai78.4
GPT-5.6 Terra (high)OpenAI77.5
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max) Open weightsDeepSeek77.2
GLM-5.3 (max) Open weightsZ.ai77.1
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh) Open weightsAlibaba (Qwen)75.1
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high) Open weightsNVIDIA73.7
GLM-5.3-Flash (max) Open weightsZ.ai71.0
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Anthropic65.8
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning) Open weightsGoogle64.4
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Google63.2
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning) Open weightsNVIDIA59.0
gpt-oss-120b (high) Open weightsOpenAI51.9
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning) Open weightsZ.ai49.6
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning) Open weightsMistral AI44.5
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning) Open weightsNVIDIA31.8
gpt-oss-20b (high) Open weightsOpenAI22.1
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning) Open weightsMeta19.9

Agent tasks by evaluation

Geospatial Agent Index: Text only

Equal average of Earth-Bench V2, GeoBenchX and GS-QA2, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Geospatial Agent Index: Text onlyScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 85; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 82; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 80; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 73; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 72; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 71; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 71; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 71; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 68; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 68; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 33; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 80255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code85GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex82Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code80GLM-5.3 (max)Claude Code73Kimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-272Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-271DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-271DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex71Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code68Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-268Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-233Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-28
Data table: Geospatial Agent Index: Text only
Geospatial Agent Index: Text only
ModelDeveloperGeospatial Agent Index: Text only
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic85
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic82
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI82
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI82
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic80
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI80
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic80
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI80
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI80
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic79
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic78
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic76
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic76
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic76
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI75
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic74
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic74
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai73
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai73
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI73
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI73
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic72
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI72
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek72
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI72
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai72
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI72
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai72
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI71
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google71
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI71
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek71
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic71
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai71
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther71
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai70
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek70
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI70
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI69
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek69
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI69
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)68
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA68
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI66
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai66
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai63
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai63
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai62
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)61
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI61
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek59
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic58
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI57
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google56
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google56
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA52
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI51
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other51
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google48
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI46
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai43
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI43
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai41
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI33
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI33
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google32
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI31
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA20
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI9
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta8

Earth-Bench V2 score

Share of tasks passed, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Earth-Bench V2 scoreScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 77; GPT-6 Sol (high), Codex: 75; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 74; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 74; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 72; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 68; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 68; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 67; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 66; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: 59; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 31; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 90255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code77GPT-6 Sol (high)Codex75GLM-5.3 (max)Claude Code74Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code74Kimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-272Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-268Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code68DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-267DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex66Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-259Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-231Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-29
How to read this chart

About this evaluation. Earth observation data analysis. Earth-Bench V2 results and background.

Data table: Earth-Bench V2 score
Earth-Bench V2 score
ModelDeveloperEarth-Bench V2 score
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic79
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic77
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI77
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI75
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai74
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic74
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek72
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI72
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic72
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic72
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI72
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI72
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI72
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai71
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI71
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic71
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic71
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI69
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic69
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai69
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek68
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA68
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic68
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic68
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic68
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI68
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai68
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai68
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI68
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)68
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic68
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek67
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI67
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI67
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther66
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek66
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI65
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai64
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI63
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI63
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI62
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2Anthropic59
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2Google59
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai58
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic58
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai57
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), CodexDeepSeek57
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek57
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI56
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google54
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google53
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai53
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai51
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic51
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI50
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI50
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI49
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google46
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA46
Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2Google44
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai44
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI44
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)44
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI44
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google43
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2Google41
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other39
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai38
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google34
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI32
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI31
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA29
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI28
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta9
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI6

GeoBenchX score

Share of tasks passed, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GeoBenchX scoreScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 83; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 81; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 79; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 74; GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude Code: 70; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 67; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2: 66; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 65; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 64; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 56; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 29; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 60255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code83Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code81GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex79Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-274GLM-5.3-Flash (max)Claude Code70DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-267Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Terminus-266Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-265Kimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-264DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex56Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-229Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-26
How to read this chart

About this evaluation. Maps, numbers and lists from country and city data; some tasks should be declined. GeoBenchX results and background.

Data table: GeoBenchX score
GeoBenchX score
ModelDeveloperGeoBenchX score
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic83
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic81
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic81
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic79
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI79
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI79
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic79
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic77
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic77
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI77
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic76
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI75
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic75
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI75
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2Google74
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google74
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI74
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2Google73
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic73
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI73
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic73
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic72
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic71
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai70
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI70
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI68
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai67
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI67
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek67
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai67
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI67
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)66
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai66
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), CodexDeepSeek66
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek65
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek65
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai65
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA65
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai65
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI64
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI64
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI64
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI64
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google63
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI63
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek62
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI62
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)62
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI62
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google61
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai60
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai60
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI57
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2Anthropic57
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai57
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai57
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther56
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI55
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA53
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic53
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI51
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google51
Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2Google51
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek47
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI45
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google44
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other42
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai42
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai39
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI38
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI37
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI29
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA21
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI10
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta6

GS-QA2 score

Share of tasks passed, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GS-QA2 scoreScores 0 to 100: GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 94; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 94; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 91; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 89; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 86; GLM-5.2 (max), Claude Code: 83; Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 82; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 80; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 75; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 70; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 39; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 100255075100GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex94Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code94Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code91DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex89Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-286GLM-5.2 (max)Claude Code83Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning)Terminus-282DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-280Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code75Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-270Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-239Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-210
How to read this chart

About this evaluation. Spatial data reasoning over map and elevation data. GS-QA2 results and background.

Data table: GS-QA2 score
GS-QA2 score
ModelDeveloperGS-QA2 score
GPT-5.6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI100
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic94
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI94
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI93
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI93
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic91
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic90
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic90
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther89
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI89
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic87
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI87
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI87
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google86
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI85
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic84
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic83
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic83
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai83
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai83
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI82
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic81
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai81
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI81
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai80
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI80
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI80
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI80
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI80
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI80
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai80
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek80
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai80
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek80
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek79
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic79
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic79
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic79
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai78
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI78
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic77
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek77
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI77
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI77
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai76
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI76
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai76
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)75
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek74
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)74
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai72
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other71
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA70
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic69
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI65
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI59
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA59
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google58
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google55
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google49
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai48
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai43
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI42
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI39
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI30
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI29
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI25
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google18
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI12
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta10
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA9

GeoAgentBench score

Share of tasks passed, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GeoAgentBench scoreScores 0 to 100: GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 100; Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100; GPT-6 Sol (high), Codex: 100; GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude Code: 98; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 98; DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2: 96; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 96; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 94; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 94; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 90; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 46; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 80255075100GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex100Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code100GPT-6 Sol (high)Codex100GLM-5.3-Flash (max)Claude Code98Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-298DeepSeek V4 Flash (max)Terminus-296Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-296Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code94Kimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-294DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex90Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-246Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-28
How to read this chart

About this evaluation. Multi-step spatial execution. GeoAgentBench results and background.

Data table: GeoAgentBench score
GeoAgentBench score
ModelDeveloperGeoAgentBench score
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI100
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google98
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai98
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai98
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic98
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic98
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic98
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic98
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic98
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic98
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic98
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI98
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI98
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI98
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2Anthropic96
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek96
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek96
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek96
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA96
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic96
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic96
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI96
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI96
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI96
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek94
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai94
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai94
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai94
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai94
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI94
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)94
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic94
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI94
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai92
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai92
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI92
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI92
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI90
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther90
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other88
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek88
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2Google86
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google86
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI86
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2Google84
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai84
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic78
Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2Google74
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google70
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI70
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA68
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI60
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)60
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI58
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI53
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google52
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI46
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google42
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai42
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai30
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA26
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI10
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta8

GeoAnalystBench score

Share of tasks passed, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GeoAnalystBench scoreScores 0 to 100: GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), Codex: 100; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 100; GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude Code: 100; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 100; GPT-6 Sol (high), Codex: 100; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: 95; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2: 89; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 89; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 88; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 63; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 47; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 00255075100GPT-6 Luna (xhigh)Codex100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code100GLM-5.3-Flash (max)Claude Code100DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-2100GPT-6 Sol (high)Codex100Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-295Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Terminus-289Kimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-289DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex88Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-263Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-247Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-20
How to read this chart

About this evaluation. Spatial workflow and code generation. GeoAnalystBench results and background.

Data table: GeoAnalystBench score
GeoAnalystBench score
ModelDeveloperGeoAnalystBench score
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high), Terminus-2Anthropic100
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek100
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek100
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai100
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai100
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic100
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI100
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI100
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek95
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2Google95
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai95
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai95
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai95
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai95
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic95
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic95
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic95
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic95
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic95
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic95
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI95
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI95
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI95
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek89
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google89
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI89
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI89
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)89
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek89
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic89
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI89
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI89
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther88
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai84
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai84
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic84
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2Google79
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI79
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)79
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI79
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai74
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic74
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google63
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google63
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA63
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google58
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI53
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI47
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other47
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI47
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google42
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI42
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai37
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI37
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA37
Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2Google32
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai26
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA16
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI11
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta0

Knowledge

Geospatial knowledge

Share of questions answered correctly, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Geospatial knowledgeScores 0 to 100: Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high): 98; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 94; Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh): 94; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low): 94; GPT-5.6 Sol (high): 93; Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning): 92; Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning): 92; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 92; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high): 92; GLM-5.3 (max): 92; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh): 91; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning): 890255075100Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high)98Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)94Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)94Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)94GPT-5.6 Sol (high)93Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning)92Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning)92DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)92Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)92GLM-5.3 (max)92Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)91Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)89
How to read this chart

What this metric means. Closed-book multiple-choice questions on GIS and Earth observation. Geospatial knowledge results.

Data table: Geospatial knowledge
Geospatial knowledge
ModelDeveloperGeospatial knowledge
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high)Anthropic97.9
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic94.3
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic94.1
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Google93.7
Claude Opus 4.8 (high)Anthropic93.3
Claude Opus 5 (high)Anthropic93.1
Claude Opus 4.7 (high)Anthropic92.8
GPT-5.6 Sol (high)OpenAI92.6
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)OpenAI92.5
GPT-5.6 Terra (high)OpenAI92.4
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning) Open weightsMoonshot AI92.1
Kimi K3 (Reasoning) Open weightsMoonshot AI92.0
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning) Open weightsNVIDIA92.0
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max) Open weightsDeepSeek91.9
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high) Open weightsNVIDIA91.9
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic91.8
GLM-5.3 (max) Open weightsZ.ai91.8
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning) Open weightsMoonshot AI91.8
GLM-5.3-Flash (max) Open weightsZ.ai91.8
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max) Open weightsDeepSeek91.5
Claude Sonnet 5 (high)Anthropic91.4
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh)OpenAI91.3
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh) Open weightsAlibaba (Qwen)91.1
GPT-6 Sol (high)OpenAI91.0
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh)OpenAI90.7
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning) Open weightsNVIDIA90.4
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Google90.0
gpt-oss-120b (high) Open weightsOpenAI89.8
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning)Anthropic89.0
GLM-5.2 (max) Open weightsZ.ai89.0
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning) Open weightsMistral AI88.7
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning) Open weightsGoogle88.7
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning) Open weightsZ.ai85.6
gpt-oss-20b (high) Open weightsOpenAI84.8
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning) Open weightsMeta82.5
Mistral Small 3.1 24B (Non-reasoning) Open weightsMistral AI81.8

Cost

Cost per task

Average cost per agent task (USD) · Lower is better

Cost per taskCost per task in US dollars: Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: $0.023; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: $0.026; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: $0.067; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: $0.069; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: $0.085; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: $0.11; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: $0.22; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: $0.23; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: $0.25; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: $0.32; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: $0.35; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: $0.48$0$0.15$0.30$0.45$0.60Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-2$0.023Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-2$0.026DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex$0.067Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-2$0.069GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex$0.085Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-2$0.11Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code$0.22Kimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-2$0.23Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code$0.25Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code$0.32DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-2$0.35GLM-5.3 (max)Claude Code$0.48
How to read this chart

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How to read this chart. Lower is better. Costs are pay-per-token list prices, not any discount or credit a customer might have.

Data table: Cost per task
Cost per task
ModelDeveloperCost per task
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI$0.0026
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI$0.0032
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI$0.0040
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI$0.0046
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI$0.0058
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.0063
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google$0.0066
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI$0.0070
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.0085
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI$0.0094
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA$0.0096
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI$0.016
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.017
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other$0.017
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI$0.017
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google$0.018
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI$0.021
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google$0.021
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta$0.023
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI$0.026
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI$0.026
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google$0.031
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.037
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI$0.046
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.046
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI$0.047
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.048
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.055
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI$0.059
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek$0.062
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek$0.065
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther$0.067
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA$0.069
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI$0.082
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI$0.085
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek$0.085
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI$0.089
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.092
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai$0.093
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI$0.094
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.094
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.099
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI$0.10
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)$0.10
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.11
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.11
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI$0.11
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google$0.11
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA$0.13
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.13
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI$0.18
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.20
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI$0.21
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.22
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)$0.22
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI$0.23
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.25
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI$0.26
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.26
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI$0.27
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai$0.27
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.27
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek$0.30
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.32
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.32
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic$0.34
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai$0.34
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek$0.35
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai$0.38
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai$0.48

Geospatial Agent Index vs. cost per task

Geospatial Agent Index, Text only; cost per task (USD) · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
Geospatial Agent Index vs. cost per taskGeospatial Agent Index (0 to 100) against cost per task in US dollars, log scale: DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 71, $0.35; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 71.24, $0.11; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 71.99, $0.23; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 8.22, $0.023; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 32.89, $0.026; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 67.65, $0.069; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 73.4, $0.48; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 70.68, $0.067; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 68.32, $0.22; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 84.65, $0.25; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 79.75, $0.32; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 81.82, $0.085Most attractive quadrant0102030405060708090100$0.02$0.05$0.10$0.20$0.50$1.00Cost per task (USD, log scale)Geospatial Agent IndexNemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeGPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexGemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexMistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeGLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeKimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code
How to read this chart

Why a log scale. Costs and times differ by a factor of ten or more between models, so equal steps on the axis are equal ratios.

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average cost per task (log scale); higher means a higher Geospatial Agent Index. Both axes fit the models shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot, split at the middle of each axis: a reading aid that moves with the axes when you change the models shown, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the shown models that no cheaper shown model beats on score.

Data table: Geospatial Agent Index vs. cost per task

Time

Time per task

Average minutes per agent task, at 100 output tokens/s · Lower is better

Time per taskTime per task: GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 0.8 min; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 1.1 min; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 1.1 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 1.4 min; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 1.9 min; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 2.1 min; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 2.4 min; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 2.7 min; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 4.3 min; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 4.7 min; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 4.9 min; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 8.6 min02.557.510GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex0.8 minClaude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code1.1 minMistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-21.1 minClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code1.4 minGemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-21.9 minLlama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-22.1 minNemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-22.4 minKimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-22.7 minGLM-5.3 (max)Claude Code4.3 minQwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code4.7 minDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-24.9 minDeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex8.6 min
How to read this chart

What this metric means. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

Data table: Time per task
Time per task
ModelDeveloperTime per task (at 100 output tokens/s)
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI0.3 min
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic0.4 min
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI0.4 min
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI0.4 min
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI0.5 min
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI0.5 min
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI0.5 min
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic0.5 min
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI0.5 min
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google0.6 min
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.6 min
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI0.7 min
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.7 min
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI0.8 min
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI0.8 min
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI0.8 min
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI0.8 min
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.9 min
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic0.9 min
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic1.0 min
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI1.0 min
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic1.1 min
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI1.1 min
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic1.2 min
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic1.4 min
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic1.4 min
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI1.4 min
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI1.4 min
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic1.5 min
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai1.5 min
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic1.6 min
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI1.7 min
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google1.7 min
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI1.9 min
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google1.9 min
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta2.1 min
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA2.4 min
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic2.5 min
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai2.7 min
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI2.7 min
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI3.0 min
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI3.0 min
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google3.1 min
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI3.5 min
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA3.8 min
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai3.8 min
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI4.0 min
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek4.0 min
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai4.2 min
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai4.2 min
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai4.3 min
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)4.7 min
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai4.7 min
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI4.8 min
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek4.9 min
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA4.9 min
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai5.4 min
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google5.6 min
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek5.7 min
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek5.9 min
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI6.0 min
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai6.1 min
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai6.3 min
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek6.5 min
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai6.5 min
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI7.2 min
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)7.3 min
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other8.4 min
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai8.5 min
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther8.6 min

Geospatial Agent Index vs. time per task

Geospatial Agent Index, Text only; time per task (minutes) · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
Geospatial Agent Index vs. time per taskGeospatial Agent Index (0 to 100) against time per task (minutes), log scale: DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 71, 4.9 min; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 71.24, 1.9 min; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 71.99, 2.7 min; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 8.22, 2.1 min; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 32.89, 1.1 min; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 67.65, 2.4 min; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 73.4, 4.3 min; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 70.68, 8.6 min; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 68.32, 4.7 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 84.65, 1.4 min; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 79.75, 1.1 min; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 81.82, 0.8 minMost attractive quadrant01020304050607080901000.5 min1 min2 min5 min10 minTime per task (minutes, log scale)Geospatial Agent IndexNemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeGPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexClaude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeGLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeKimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexQwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeMistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2
How to read this chart

Why a log scale. Costs and times differ by a factor of ten or more between models, so equal steps on the axis are equal ratios.

What this metric means. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average time per task (log scale); higher means a higher Geospatial Agent Index. Both axes fit the models shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot, split at the middle of each axis: a reading aid that moves with the axes when you change the models shown, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the shown models that no faster shown model beats on score.

Data table: Geospatial Agent Index vs. time per task

Tokens

Output tokens per task

Average output tokens per agent task, reasoning included · Lower is better

Output tokens per taskOutput tokens per task: Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 2k; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 3k; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 4k; Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 4k; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 5k; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 6k; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 8k; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 10k; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 15k; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 24k; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 28k; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 38k010k20k30k40kLlama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-22kGPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex3kClaude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code4kMistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-24kClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code5kKimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-26kGemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-28kNemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-210kGLM-5.3 (max)Claude Code15kDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-224kQwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code28kDeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex38k
How to read this chart

Output tokens per task. The average number of tokens the model wrote per attempt, its reasoning included, as reported by the provider.

Compare with care. Models use different tokenisers, so the same text is a different number of tokens for different models. Use token counts to see how much work each model did, and cost to compare spending.

Data table: Output tokens per task
Output tokens per task
ModelDeveloperOutput tokens per task
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI1k
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic1k
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI1k
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI1k
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI1k
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI2k
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI2k
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic2k
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic2k
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI2k
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google2k
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic2k
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta2k
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI3k
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI3k
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI3k
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI3k
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI3k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic4k
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI4k
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic4k
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic4k
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic4k
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic4k
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI4k
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic5k
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI5k
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai6k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic6k
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI6k
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI6k
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic6k
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic7k
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI7k
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA7k
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google8k
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google8k
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA10k
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai10k
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI11k
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI12k
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI12k
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic12k
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai14k
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai15k
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI15k
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai15k
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai15k
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google16k
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Kimi CodeMoonshot AI18k
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other18k
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek19k
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)19k
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai19k
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek20k
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google21k
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai22k
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA22k
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI23k
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek24k
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI27k
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai28k
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)28k
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai29k
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek29k
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai30k
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai30k
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek31k
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther38k
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI40k

Turns per task

Average agent turns per task · Lower is better

Turns per taskTurns per task: Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 5.2; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 6.9; Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude Code: 7.2; Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 7.2; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 7.4; Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2: 12.1; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 13.4; Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2: 14.4; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 14.8; Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen Code: 17.6; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 19.0; DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), Codex: 23.4010203040Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning)Terminus-25.2Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code6.9Claude Opus 5 (high)Claude Code7.2Kimi K3 (Reasoning)Terminus-27.2GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex7.4Nemotron 3 Ultra (high)Terminus-212.1GLM-5.3 (max)Claude Code13.4Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning)Terminus-214.4DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-214.8Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh)Qwen Code17.6Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-219.0DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max)Codex23.4
How to read this chart

What this metric means. A turn is one model reply plus the commands it ran.

Data table: Turns per task
Turns per task
ModelDeveloperTurns per task
gpt-oss-120b (low), Terminus-2OpenAI2.9
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic4.2
Claude Opus 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic4.8
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic4.8
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google4.9
gpt-oss-20b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI5.2
Mistral Large 3 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Mistral AI5.2
Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic5.3
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI5.8
gpt-oss-120b (high), Terminus-2OpenAI5.8
Claude Opus 4.8 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic6.0
Claude Haiku 5.5 (medium), Claude CodeAnthropic6.1
GPT-6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI6.4
GPT-6 Sol (medium), CodexOpenAI6.4
GPT-6.1 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI6.6
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic6.6
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic6.9
GPT-5.6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI7.0
Claude Opus 4.7 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic7.0
Claude Haiku 5.5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic7.1
Claude Opus 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic7.2
Kimi K3 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI7.2
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexOpenAI7.4
GPT-6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI7.4
GPT-6 Luna (low), CodexOpenAI7.7
GPT-6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI8.7
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google8.8
GPT-6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI8.8
GPT-5.6 Luna (medium), CodexOpenAI9.4
Claude Sonnet 5 (high), Claude CodeAnthropic9.5
GPT-5.6 Sol (high), CodexOpenAI9.5
Claude Haiku 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeAnthropic9.6
GPT-5.6 Terra (high), CodexOpenAI9.6
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google10.1
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA10.1
GLM-5.3 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai10.4
GLM-5.3 (low), Terminus-2Z.ai10.4
Claude Haiku 4.5 (Reasoning), Claude CodeAnthropic10.6
Nemotron 3 Ultra (high), Terminus-2NVIDIA12.1
GPT-5.6 Luna (high), CodexOpenAI12.3
GLM-5.2 (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai12.8
Kimi K2.6 (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI12.8
GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2Z.ai12.9
MiniMax M3.1 Flash (max), Terminus-2Other13.2
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai13.4
GLM-5.2 (max), Terminus-2Z.ai13.6
DeepSeek V4 Pro (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek13.9
GPT-5.6 Luna (xhigh), CodexOpenAI13.9
GLM-5.3-Flash (low), Terminus-2Z.ai14.0
Kimi K2.7 Code (Reasoning), Terminus-2Moonshot AI14.2
Llama 3.3 70B (Non-reasoning), Terminus-2Meta14.4
DeepSeek V4 Flash (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek14.4
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google14.6
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2DeepSeek14.8
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Terminus-2Alibaba (Qwen)14.8
GLM-5.2 (max), Claude CodeZ.ai15.4
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), Terminus-2DeepSeek15.6
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Terminus-2Z.ai15.8
Qwen 3.8 27B (xhigh), Qwen CodeAlibaba (Qwen)17.6
GLM-5.3-Flash (max), Claude CodeZ.ai18.9
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google19.0
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (max), CodexOther23.4
gpt-oss-20b (high), CodexOpenAI24.2
DeepSeek V4 Flash (high), CodexDeepSeek25.4
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Terminus-2Z.ai26.4
gpt-oss-120b (high), CodexOpenAI29.8
Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B (Reasoning), Terminus-2NVIDIA30.7
GLM-4.7-Flash (Reasoning), Claude CodeZ.ai37.8