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Google: geospatial agent results

Helps you choose the best Google model for geospatial work: GIS and Earth observation agent tasks, vision and knowledge, with cost and time.

Overview

  • For intelligence, the top Google models are Gemini 3.8 Flash (low) (79), Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning) (64) and Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high) (63) on the Geospatial Intelligence Index (Text only).
  • For cost, the cheapest per agent task are Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal) ($0.0066), Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low) ($0.018) and Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning) ($0.021).
  • For speed, the fastest per agent task are Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal) (0.6 min), Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low) (1.7 min) and Gemini 3.8 Flash (low) (1.9 min).
  • For context window, the largest are Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite: 1M tokens, Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview): 1M tokens and Gemini 3.8 Flash: 1M tokens.
  • Still being benchmarked (provisional): Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low) and Gemini 3.8 Flash (high).

Intelligence

Geospatial Intelligence Index, Text only · Higher is better

IntelligenceScores 0 to 100: Gemini 3.8 Flash (low): 79; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning): 64; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high): 63; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low): 56; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal): 430255075100Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)79Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)64Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)63Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)56Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)43
Data table: Intelligence

Cost per task

USD per agent task · Lower is better

Cost per taskCost per task in US dollars: Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: $0.0066; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: $0.018; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: $0.021; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: $0.031; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: $0.11$0$0.05$0.10$0.15$0.20Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-2$0.0066Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-2$0.018Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-2$0.021Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-2$0.031Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-2$0.11
Data table: Cost per task

Time per task

Minutes per agent task · Lower is better

Time per taskTime per task: Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 0.6 min; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 1.7 min; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 1.9 min; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 3.1 min; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 5.6 min01.534.56Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-20.6 minGemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-21.7 minGemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-21.9 minGemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-23.1 minGemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-25.6 min
Data table: Time per task
Time per task
ModelDeveloperTime per task (at 100 output tokens/s)
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Google0.6 min
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Google1.7 min
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Google1.9 min
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Google3.1 min
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Google5.6 min

Models

Gemini 3.8 Flash

Closed weightsReads images

1M token context · Released 2 September 2026

$0.75 input · $3.75 output per 1M tokens

Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite

Closed weightsReads images

1M token context · Released 7 May 2026

$0.25 input · $1.50 output per 1M tokens

Gemma 4 26B A4B

Open weightsReads images

256K token context · Released 2 April 2026

$0.10 input · $0.30 output per 1M tokens

Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview)

Closed weightsReads images

1M token context · Released 19 February 2026

$2.00 input · $12.00 output per 1M tokens

Intelligence

Text only

Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text only

Weighted average of agent tasks, guided workflows and geospatial knowledge, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text onlyScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh): 89; GPT-6.1 Sol (medium): 86; DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 79; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low): 79; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning): 64; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high): 63; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low): 56; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal): 430255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)89GPT-6.1 Sol (medium)86DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)79Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)79Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)64Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)63Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)56Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)43
How to read this chart

What this metric means. A weighted average of group scores, each 0 to 100: Agent tasks 4/6, Guided workflows 1/6, Geospatial knowledge 1/6.

Bars. Every Google model with a result, highlighted, and the strongest models from other labs, faded, for context. Provisional: not yet ranked.

Data table: Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text only
Geospatial Intelligence Index: Text only
ModelDeveloperGeospatial Intelligence Index: Text only
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Anthropic89
GPT-6.1 Sol (medium)OpenAI86
DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)DeepSeek79
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Google79
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Google64
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Google63
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Google56
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Google43

Text + vision

No Google model has a Text + vision score yet: that view also needs Vision agents and Vision results.

Provisional, so not on these charts: Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Gemini 3.8 Flash (high). Their finished evaluations are in the charts below.

Agent tasks

Text only

Geospatial Agent Index: Text only

Equal average of Earth-Bench V2, GeoBenchX and GS-QA2, 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Geospatial Agent Index: Text onlyScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 85; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 82; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 73; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 71; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 56; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 56; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 48; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 320255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code85GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex82GLM-5.3 (max)Claude Code73Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-271Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-256Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-256Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-248Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-232
How to read this chart

Bars. Every Google model with a result, highlighted, and the strongest models from other labs, faded, for context. Provisional: not yet ranked.

Data table: Geospatial Agent Index: Text only

Text + vision

No Google model has a Text + vision score yet: that view also needs Vision agents and Vision results.

Provisional, so not on the index charts: Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2, Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2, Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2. Their finished evaluations are in the charts below.

Earth-Bench V2

Earth observation data analysis · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

  • Striped: provisional, not yet ranked
Earth-Bench V2Scores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 79; GPT-6 Sol (high), Codex: 75; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 54; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 53; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 46; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 43; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 34; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: 59 (provisional, not yet ranked); Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: 44 (provisional, not yet ranked); Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: 41 (provisional, not yet ranked)0255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Code79GPT-6 Sol (high)Codex75Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-254Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-253Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-246Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-243Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-234Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-2 · provisional59Gemini 3.8 Flash (high)Terminus-2 · provisional44Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low)Terminus-2 · provisional41
Data table: Earth-Bench V2

GeoBenchX

Maps, numbers and lists from country and city data; some tasks should be declined · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GeoBenchXScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 83; GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), Codex: 79; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: 74; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 74; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: 73; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 63; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 61; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 51; Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: 51; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 440255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code83GPT-6.1 Sol (medium)Codex79Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low)Terminus-2 · provisional74Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-274Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-2 · provisional73Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-263Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-261Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-251Gemini 3.8 Flash (high)Terminus-2 · provisional51Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-244
Data table: GeoBenchX

GS-QA2

Spatial data reasoning over map and elevation data · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GS-QA2Scores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 94; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 94; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 86; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 58; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 55; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 49; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 180255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code94GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex94Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-286Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-258Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-255Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-249Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-218
Data table: GS-QA2

GeoAgentBench

Guided workflows: multi-step spatial execution · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GeoAgentBenchScores 0 to 100: Claude Opus 5.5 (high), Claude Code: 100; GPT-6.1 Sol (medium), Codex: 100; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 98; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: 86; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 86; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: 84; Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: 74; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 70; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 52; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 420255075100Claude Opus 5.5 (high)Claude Code100GPT-6.1 Sol (medium)Codex100Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-298Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-2 · provisional86Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-286Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low)Terminus-2 · provisional84Gemini 3.8 Flash (high)Terminus-2 · provisional74Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-270Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-252Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-242
Data table: GeoAgentBench

GeoAnalystBench

Guided workflows: spatial workflow and code generation · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

GeoAnalystBenchScores 0 to 100: DeepSeek V4 Pro (max), Terminus-2: 100; GLM-5.2 (high), Terminus-2: 100; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: 95; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 89; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: 79; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 63; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 63; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 58; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 42; Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: 320255075100DeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Terminus-2100GLM-5.2 (high)Terminus-2100Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-2 · provisional95Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-289Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low)Terminus-2 · provisional79Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-263Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-263Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-258Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-242Gemini 3.8 Flash (high)Terminus-2 · provisional32
Data table: GeoAnalystBench

Vision

Earth-Bench V2 images

Questions on images, no tools · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Earth-Bench V2 imagesScores 0 to 100: GPT-5.6 Sol (high): 76; Claude Opus 5.5 (high): 74; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low): 66; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning): 64; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal): 56; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low): 54; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high): 520255075100GPT-5.6 Sol (high)76Claude Opus 5.5 (high)74Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)66Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)64Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)56Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)54Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)52
Data table: Earth-Bench V2 images

ThinkGeo images

Questions on images, no tools · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

ThinkGeo imagesScores 0 to 100: Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high): 50; GPT-6 Luna (high): 43; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low): 34; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal): 26; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high): 24; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning): 22; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low): 150255075100Claude Sonnet 5.5 (high)50GPT-6 Luna (high)43Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)34Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)26Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)24Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)22Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)15
Data table: ThinkGeo images

Knowledge

Geospatial knowledge

Questions on geospatial knowledge · 0 to 100 · Higher is better

Geospatial knowledgeScores 0 to 100: Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high): 98; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low): 94; GPT-6.1 Sol (high): 93; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low): 90; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high): 90; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal): 89; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning): 890255075100Claude Sonnet 4.6 (high)98Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)94GPT-6.1 Sol (high)93Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)90Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)90Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)89Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)89
Data table: Geospatial knowledge

Cost

Cost per task

Average cost per agent task (USD) · Lower is better

  • Striped: provisional, not yet ranked
Cost per taskCost per task in US dollars: Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: $0.0066; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: $0.018; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: $0.021; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: $0.031; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: $0.085; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: $0.11; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: $0.25; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: $0.057 (provisional, not yet ranked); Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: $0.22 (provisional, not yet ranked); Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: $0.31 (provisional, not yet ranked)$0$0.10$0.20$0.30$0.40Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-2$0.0066Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-2$0.018Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-2$0.021Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-2$0.031GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex$0.085Gemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-2$0.11Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code$0.25Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low)Terminus-2 · provisional$0.057Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-2 · provisional$0.22Gemini 3.8 Flash (high)Terminus-2 · provisional$0.31
How to read this chart

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How to read this chart. Lower is better. Costs are pay-per-token list prices, not any discount or credit a customer might have.

Bars. Every Google entry with a cost, highlighted, and the top-ranked entries from other labs on the Geospatial Agent Index, faded, for context. Provisional: not yet ranked.

Data table: Cost per task

Geospatial Agent Index vs. cost per task

Geospatial Agent Index, Text only; cost per task (USD) · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
Geospatial Agent Index vs. cost per taskGeospatial Agent Index (0 to 100) against cost per task in US dollars, log scale: Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 47.58, $0.018; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 32.14, $0.0066; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 56.33, $0.031; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 71.24, $0.11; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 55.79, $0.021; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 84.65, $0.25; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 81.82, $0.085; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 73.4, $0.48Most attractive quadrant2030405060708090$0.005$0.01$0.02$0.05$0.10$0.20$0.50$1.00Cost per task (USD, log scale)Geospatial Agent IndexGemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeGPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexGLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code
How to read this chart

Why a log scale. Costs and times differ by a factor of ten or more between models, so equal steps on the axis are equal ratios.

What cost is measuring. What one attempt at a task would cost if paid token by token at the provider's published API prices, averaged over attempts: ordinary input tokens, input tokens served from the provider's cache at the lower cached price, tokens written to the cache where the provider charges for that, and output tokens (thinking included). Cost assumes each harness uses the model's pay-per-token API, priced at public list rates; sandboxes and our own engineering time are not included. Failed attempts count too.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average cost per task (log scale); higher means a higher Geospatial Agent Index. Both axes fit the models shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot, split at the middle of each axis: a reading aid that moves with the axes when you change the models shown, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the shown models that no cheaper shown model beats on score.

Data table: Geospatial Agent Index vs. cost per task

Time

Time per task

Average minutes per agent task, at 100 output tokens/s · Lower is better

  • Striped: provisional, not yet ranked
Time per taskTime per task: Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 0.6 min; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 0.8 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 1.4 min; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 1.7 min; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 1.9 min; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 3.1 min; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 5.6 min; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2: 0.5 min (provisional, not yet ranked); Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2: 2.5 min (provisional, not yet ranked); Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2: 6.7 min (provisional, not yet ranked)02468Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal)Terminus-20.6 minGPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh)Codex0.8 minClaude Opus 5.5 (xhigh)Claude Code1.4 minGemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low)Terminus-21.7 minGemini 3.8 Flash (low)Terminus-21.9 minGemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high)Terminus-23.1 minGemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning)Terminus-25.6 minGemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low)Terminus-2 · provisional0.5 minGemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high)Terminus-2 · provisional2.5 minGemini 3.8 Flash (high)Terminus-2 · provisional6.7 min
How to read this chart

What this metric means. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

Bars. Every Google entry with a cost, highlighted, and the top-ranked entries from other labs on the Geospatial Agent Index, faded, for context. Provisional: not yet ranked.

Data table: Time per task

Geospatial Agent Index vs. time per task

Geospatial Agent Index, Text only; time per task (minutes) · Higher and further left is better

  • Most attractive quadrant
  • Pareto line
Geospatial Agent Index vs. time per taskGeospatial Agent Index (0 to 100) against time per task (minutes), log scale: Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2: 47.58, 1.7 min; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2: 32.14, 0.6 min; Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2: 56.33, 3.1 min; Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2: 71.24, 1.9 min; Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2: 55.79, 5.6 min; Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code: 84.65, 1.4 min; GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex: 81.82, 0.8 min; GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code: 73.4, 4.3 minMost attractive quadrant20304050607080900.5 min1 min2 min5 min10 minTime per task (minutes, log scale)Geospatial Agent IndexGemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude CodeGPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), CodexGLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code
How to read this chart

Why a log scale. Costs and times differ by a factor of ten or more between models, so equal steps on the axis are equal ratios.

What this metric means. Time as if every model wrote 100 output tokens per second: output tokens divided by 100, plus the time the agent's commands took. Serving speed differs between providers and is not ranked.

How to read this chart. Each point is one entry. Further left means a lower average time per task (log scale); higher means a higher Geospatial Agent Index. Both axes fit the models shown, so the score axis does not start at zero. The shaded most attractive quadrant is the top-left quarter of the plot, split at the middle of each axis: a reading aid that moves with the axes when you change the models shown, not a fixed bar. The dotted Pareto line joins the shown models that no faster shown model beats on score.

Data table: Geospatial Agent Index vs. time per task
Geospatial Agent Index vs. time per task
ModelGeospatial Agent IndexTime per task (minutes)On the Pareto line
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2481.7 minNo
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2320.6 minYes
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2563.1 minNo
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2711.9 minNo
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2565.6 minNo
Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), Claude Code851.4 minYes
GPT-6.1 Sol (xhigh), Codex820.8 minYes
GLM-5.3 (max), Claude Code734.3 minNo

Every benchmark

Score by benchmark

Share answered correctly, 0 to 100 · Darker is better; hatched: provisional, evaluation not finished

Data table: Score by benchmark
Every benchmark
ModelStatusEarth-Bench V2GeoBenchXGS-QA2GeoAgentBenchGeoAnalystBenchEarth-Bench V2 imagesThinkGeo imagesGeospatial knowledge
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2Ranked5474869889663494
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (high), Terminus-2Ranked5361557058522490
Gemma 4 26B A4B (Reasoning), Terminus-2Ranked4663588663642289
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (low), Terminus-2Ranked4351495263541590
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2Ranked3444184242562689
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2Provisional59 (provisional)73No data8695No dataNo dataNo data
Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2Provisional41 (provisional)74No data8479No dataNo dataNo data
Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2Provisional44 (provisional)51No data7432No dataNo dataNo data

Frequently asked questions

What Google models do you benchmark?
Which is the most intelligent Google model for geospatial work?
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), with 78.7 on the Geospatial Intelligence Index (Text only), #25 of 61.
What is the cheapest Google model per task?
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2, at $0.0066 per agent task at list prices, #8 of 74 on the Geospatial Agent Index.
What is the fastest Google model?
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2, at 0.6 min per agent task at 100 output tokens per second, #11 of 74.
Does Google offer open-weights models?
Yes: Gemma 4 26B A4B. Their weights are published, so you can run them on your own hardware.
Which Google models can read satellite imagery?
How do Google models do on Earth observation, GIS and geospatial knowledge?
Which Google model is best for agent work, and in which harness?
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2, with 71.2 on the Geospatial Agent Index, #30 of 74, in the Terminus-2 harness.
How does Google's best model compare with the overall leader?
Gemini 3.8 Flash (low) scores 78.7 on the Geospatial Intelligence Index (Text only), 9.9 points behind the leader, Anthropic's Claude Opus 5.5 (xhigh), with 88.7.
Are any Google models still being benchmarked?
Yes. Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (high), Terminus-2; Gemini 3.1 Pro (preview) (low), Terminus-2; Gemini 3.8 Flash (high), Terminus-2 are still being benchmarked, so their results are provisional: not yet ranked.
How should I choose between Google models for geospatial work?
Start from the job. For the strongest answers, Gemini 3.8 Flash (low); for agent work with data and code, Gemini 3.8 Flash (low), Terminus-2; for the lowest cost, Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite (minimal), Terminus-2; for reading imagery, Gemini 3.8 Flash (low); to run it yourself, Gemma 4 26B A4B. Each model page shows its scores on every evaluation.